Although one of the oldest genetic techniques, karyotyping remains a widely used and reliable procedure in our genetic laboratory.
Karyotyping allows for the visualization of an entire set of chromosomes within a cell using a light microscope. This technique is commonly applied in two key areas: assessing animals for breeding purposes and evaluating cell lines used in the development of cultured meat. The process involves isolating cells and arranging their chromosomes into a standardized karyogram for thorough analysis. Using G-banding (Giemsa staining), a distinct pattern is created to identify chromosomal anomalies. These anomalies can include a wide range of defects, such as trisomy’s, deletions, insertions, hermaphroditism, and both reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations.
Karyotyping of live animals
Karyotyping in live animals is primarily conducted using blood samples, where white blood cells, which contain nuclei, are extracted for analysis. This technique is most commonly performed on pigs, as it often is a standard procedure for artificial insemination (AI) boars in pig breeding. Increasingly, karyotyping is also being applied to other breeding animals, such as cattle. Routine screening is crucial despite the rarity of chromosomal anomalies, as their transmission through AI could have widespread consequences, including reduced litter sizes in carriers, leading to significant economic losses for the industry.
Another important application of karyotyping in live animals is diagnosing the cause of reduced fertility in valuable animals, such as horses. If chromosomal abnormalities are the underlying cause, the karyogram will provide a clear indication, enabling targeted interventions or breeding decisions to mitigate the issue.
Karyotyping of cell lines for cultured meat
In the research and production of cultured meat, ensuring the viability and stability of cell lines is crucial for consistent and reliable production. Karyotyping plays a vital role in this process by providing detailed analysis of the chromosomes to confirm the genetic integrity of the cell lines. This verification ensures that the cell line remains viable for long-term use in production. Commonly utilized cell lines originate from species such as pigs, cattle, sheep, and salmon, reflecting the diverse range of cultured meat products under development.
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Curious whether VHLGenetics can support your project or perform a karyogram for your specific animal species or desired application? Don’t hesitate to reach out to us for more information or to discuss your requirements.
